History of World Machinery Development——YOUNGYOU INTELLIGENCE

In 7000 BC, Jericho City was founded by Jews in Palestine. Urban civilization first appeared on the earth. Perhaps the earliest wheel was born at this time. Jericho is the world's first city and also known as the cradle of world civilization.

In 4700 BC, the Badari culture of Egypt entered the Bronze Age, with tools such as rollers, crowbars, and sleds used to carry heavy objects, such as those already used in the construction of pyramids in Egypt.

In 3500 BC, Sumer in Babylon, Cuba, gave birth to a wheeled car, which was made by installing wheels under the skid.

In 3000 BC, Mesopotamia and Egypt began to popularize bronze ware. Bronze farm tools and bronze tools (such as chisels) used to build pyramids were widely used at this time.

In 2800 BC, in the Central Plains region of China, a primitive agricultural tool named Leisi (made of wood) emerged.

In 2800 BC, bronze making technology was introduced to the surrounding areas of China, and Nomad in the Western Regions (now the site of Majiayao culture in Dongxiang, Gansu Province, China) appeared bronze knives made of tin bronze.

2686 BC (Egypt's Third to Sixth Dynasties), the primitive wooden plow and metal sickle of Niula began to appear. The manufacturing of copper tools often uses forging method.

In 2500 BC, two and four wheeled wooden carriages were used in the Eurasian region. Two wheeled chariots dating back to around 1500 BC were found in ancient Egyptian tombs.

In 2500 BC, Iraq and Egypt used the Lost-wax casting method to cast bronze metal ornaments.

In 2400 BC, mechanical equipment such as wrist ruler, bronze Scalpel and pulley appeared in Egypt.

In 2070 BC, the Chinese nation began to emerge, and it is said that the Great Yu controlled the floods during this period.

In 2000 BC, the cold forged red copper knives and chisels were preserved at the Qijia culture Site of the Empress Niangniang Platform in Wuwei, Gansu Province, China.
Lathes for cutting trees have emerged in Egypt and other places.

The Central Plains region of China began manufacturing vehicles (wheels) with round wooden boards as walking components.

In 1700 BC, near Baghdad in West Asia, the Obeid civilization entered the Iron Age.

In 1600 BC, bronze ware was officially introduced to the Central Plains, and China began using natural abrasives to grind copper and jade ware.

In 1400 BC, hot forged iron edged copper axes were preserved in Gaocheng, Hebei, China and Pinggu County, Beijing.

From 1400 to 1300 BC, the Shang Dynasty oracle bone inscriptions, supported by archaeology, emerged, marking the beginning of the era of written language in China.

In 1400 BC, Yin Xu in Anyang in Henan Province, China retained the heaviest bronze Simu Wufang Ding of the late Shang Dynasty.

The gold foil after recrystallization annealing is preserved in the Yin Ruins of Yin Xu in Anyang, Henan Province, China.
The appearance of ivory rulers in China.

In 1400 BC, the ancient kingdom of Hittite in Asia Minor began using iron tools.

In 1300 BC, China began using copper plows.
China uses grinding methods to process copper mirrors.

In 1200 BC, a hand mill for grinding millet appeared in Syria.
The civilization of the Two Rivers Basin has used simple tools such as levers, rope rollers, and horizontal grooves in the construction and transportation of materials.
Pulley technology spread to Assyrian people, and Assyrians used it as an archery mechanism on the castle.
Winches appeared in Egypt, initially used to extract mineral sand from mines and water from wells.
Egypt has initially developed fluid machinery such as water clocks, siphons, blast boxes, and piston pumps.
In 1000 BC, ironmaking technology was introduced from India to neighboring ethnic minorities in the Central Plains. In western China (South Vietnam, Chu), plows with iron plowshares appeared.

In 1000 BC, List of Chinese inventions invented a blower for smelting bronze.

In 770 BC, China began using the lost wax casting method to cast bronze ware.
Malleable cast iron and cast steel appeared in the Central Plains.
China has widely adopted leakage timing
The Gregorian calendar (also known as the Gregorian calendar) was born in the Western Yuan era (in 48 BC, after Caesar's revision, this calendar was called the Caesarian calendar), and Roman civilization established the solar calendar and the 24 solar terms.

In 770 BC, a wooden pulley shaft was preserved at the Spring and Autumn Warring States period ancient copper mine site in Tonglushan, Hubei, China.
China has developed workshops for manufacturing warships.

In 700 BC, pulleys appeared in China.

In 600 BC, ancient Greece and Rome entered the period of classical culture, during which some famous philosophers and scientists were born in ancient Greece, who made outstanding contributions to the development of ancient machinery. For example, scholar Hiro wrote a book to clarify the theory that five kinds of Simple machine (levers, wedges, pulleys, wheels and shafts, and threads) push heavy objects, which is the earliest known book on mechanical theory.

In 513 BC, China's "Zuo Zhuan" recorded the earliest cast iron piece in China - the Jin Dynasty's cast iron tripod.
There have been significant improvements in woodworking tools in the Greek and Roman regions. In addition to commonly used sets of tools such as axes, bow saws, bow drills, shovels, and chisels, spherical drills, claw hammers that can pull iron nails, and double saws for logging have also been developed. At this time, long axis lathes and pedal lathes were widely used to manufacture furniture and wheel spokes. Pedal lathes continued to be used until the Middle Ages, laying the foundation for the development of modern lathes.

In 500 BC, the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng in Sui County, Hubei Province, China retained the most complex and exquisite bronze wares of the Spring and Autumn Period (Warring States period) - Marquis Yi Zun Pan and Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng. The Bianzhong consists of 8 groups of 65 pieces, which were cast by the Hun casting method.
Kao Gong Ji, a handicraft monograph, was compiled by the State of Qi in the late Spring and Autumn Period of China.
The birth of the world's first coin made by punching in Rome was a major achievement in metal processing and the embryonic stage of modern mass production technology.

In 476 BC, a compass made of natural magnets - Sinan appeared in China.
China began to use the stacking casting method to cast bronze knife coins.
The steel swords preserved from the Xiadu Site in Yixian County, Hebei Province, China have quenched structure, and the spears and arrow collars have normalized structure.
The white cast adze, which has been decarburized and annealed, is preserved in Luoyang, Henan, China. Its surface has been decarburized into steel.
There are preserved amalgam and gilded artifacts in Xinyang, Henan, China.

In 476 BC, bronze spur gears (with a diameter of 25 millimeters and 40 teeth) were preserved in Xijiaya, Yongji County, Shanxi Province, China
The Wuji Ancient City Site in Wu'an, Hebei, China retains iron spur gears.

In 400 BC, the Chinese public transportation team invented the stone mill.

In 220 BC, Archimedes of Greece created the spiral water lifting tool.
Archimedes of Greece proposed the floating theory of objects - Archimedes principle.
The ancient Greeks made wheel mills based on hand grinding.
The bronze Qin Jian unearthed from the Terra Cotta Warriors in Xi'an, China was probably born in this period.

In 206 BC, bronze casting Chinese magic mirror appeared in the Western Han Dynasty of China.

In 206 BC, gears appeared in Europe, and their earliest application was mounted on a odometer used by tanks to record driving mileage.
The pulley is preserved in Zhandong Township, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China.
Rome invented the compound pulley based on the single wheel pulley. Its earliest application was to lift heavy objects on buildings.

In 113 BC, a carburized sword was preserved from the tomb of Liu Sheng, King Jing of Zhongshan in the Western Han Dynasty in Mancheng, Hebei, China.

Around 110 BC, the range of use of Roman shaddock type water lifting tools and bucket type water tankers expanded, and new fluid machinery such as scroll wheels and Nos water mills emerged. The former used a threaded rod to lift water from low to high, mainly for water supply in Roman cities. The latter is used to grind grains and rotates the square impeller driven by water flow, with a power of less than half a horsepower.

In 100 BC, the powerful Vitruvia water mill appeared in Rome. The water wheel was driven by the downward rushing water flow, and the speed of the water mill could be adjusted by selecting the appropriate number of teeth for the large and small gears. Its power was about three horsepower, which later increased to fifty horsepower, becoming the most powerful prime mover at that time.

Development history from the first year to 1700 AD
In the first century AD, Alexander Silo wrote Pneumatics, in which he recorded the aerosphere (the prototype of reaction turbine) rotating under the action of steam. At the same time, the Aeolipile (also called Fengshen wheel) invented by Ciro appeared. As the first device to convert steam pressure into mechanical power, the Aeolipile is also the first device to apply the principle of jet reaction.

In AD 9, China produced the Xinmang caliper.

In 25-221, Bi Lan of China invented the rollover (Waterladder pump).
Chinese Du Shi invented smelting, blowing, and water drainage.
The emergence of hydraulic turbines in China.

In 78-139 AD, Zhang Heng of China invented the celestial globe (water transport horoscope), which was driven by water leakage and could indicate the time when stars appeared and disappeared.
In the 2nd century, China used patterned steel to manufacture precious knives and swords - similar to Damascus steel.
In 105, Cai Tuo from China supervised the production of high-quality paper.

From 220 to 230 years, there was the appearance of Jili drum cars in China.

In 235, Ma Jun of China invented the South-pointing chariot driven by gears.

From 265 to 420, Du Yu of China invented a water turbine driven continuous mill and a water turbine driven continuous mill.
In the 4th century, Mediterranean coastal countries applied bolts and nuts to brewing presses.

The development of Western mechanical technology has been stalled for a long time due to the decline of classical culture in ancient Greece and Rome. The spread of the Black Death and other plagues has plunged the western world into darkness for 400 years.
In the 5th and 6th centuries, List of Chinese inventions invented the grinding wheel.

From 420 to 589, cars and ships appeared in China.

From 550 to 580 years, Qimu Huaiwen of China invented the technology of pouring steel.

From 618-907, a silver incense burner with a unique structure was preserved in Shapo Village, Xi'an, China.

In 700 AD, Persia began to use windmills.

In 953, China cast a large iron casting - Iron Lion of Cangzhou (weighing more than 5000 kg).

From 1041 to 1048, Bi Sheng of China invented Movable type.

In 1088, Su Song and Han Gonglian from China made a water transport instrument with a capture mechanism.

In 1097, China cast four great iron figures - the Song Dynasty Iron Man - at the Jin Temple in Taiyuan, Shanxi.

From 1127 to 1279, List of Chinese inventions invented the water to large spinning wheel.

From 1131 to 1162, China recorded the use of horse lanterns (the prototype of gas turbines).

In 1263, Xue Jingshi from China completed his monograph on wooden machinery, "The Legacy of the Ziren".

In 1330, Chen Chun of China recorded the cupola (mixing furnace) in the "Ao Bo Tu".

In 1332, China made cannons out of copper.

Since the Renaissance, countries such as Italy, France, and Britain have successively established universities to develop natural and humanities sciences, cultivate talents, and Western mechanical technology has begun to recover and develop.

In 1350, Danti, Italy, made a mechanical clock that was powered by a heavy hammer falling and transmitted by gears.

In 1395, the rod lathe appeared in Germany.

In 1439, Gutenberg, Germany, invented the metal movable type Letterpress printing machine.

In 1608, Lipschild of the Netherlands invented the telescope.

In 1629, Branca, Italy, designed a rotor (the prototype of an impulse turbine) that rotated by steam impact.

In 1637, China published Song Yingxing's scientific and technological work Tiangong Kaiwu, which recorded in detail the ancient Chinese production tools and technologies.

In 1643, Italy's Torricelli established the foundation of Hydrostatics and liquid column pressure measuring instruments by experimentally measuring the standard atmospheric pressure of 760 Millimetre of mercury.

In 1660, Pascal of France proposed the basic law of pressure transmission in static liquid, which laid the foundation of Hydrostatics and hydraulic transmission.

From 1650 to 1654, Gellick of Germany invented the vacuum pump. In 1664, he demonstrated the famous Magdeburg hemispheres experiment in Madelberg, showing the power of atmospheric pressure for the first time.

From 1656 to 1657, Huygens in the Netherlands created a single pendulum mechanical clock.

In 1665, Leeuwenhoek from the Netherlands and Hooke from England invented the microscope.

In 1698, Britain's Savery made the first practical Steam engine for pumping water in the mine - "Friends of Miners". It pioneered the use of steam for work.

Development History from 1700 to 1800 AD

In 1701, Newton of England proposed Newton's Newton's law of cooling for convection heat transfer.

In 1705, Newcomen of England invented the atmospheric piston Steam engine, replacing the Steam engine of Savery. The power can reach six horsepower.

From 1709 to 1714, Hua Tuohaite of Germany successively invented the Alcohol thermometer and the Mercury-in-glass thermometer, and created the Fahrenheit scale with the freezing point of 32 degrees, the boiling point of 212 degrees, and the middle of 180 degrees.

From 1713 to 1735, Darby in England invented the method of using coke to make iron. In 1735, the son of Darby used coke ironmaking technology for production.

In 1733, Camille of France proposed the basic law of gear meshing.

In 1738, Daniel from Switzerland became the first? Bernoulli established the energy equation of inviscid fluid Bernoulli equation.

From 1742 to 1745, Sweden's Sersius established a temperature scale with a freezing point of 100 degrees and a boiling point of 0 degrees for water. In 1745, Linnai in Sweden reversed the two fixed points, which became the Celsius.

In the mid-19th century, Lavoisier in France and Romonosov in Russia proposed the theory that combustion is the oxidation of substances.

In 1755, Euler of Switzerland established the Equations of motion of viscous fluid - Euler equation.

In 1764, Hargreaves of England invented the vertical, multi spindle, manually operated Spinning jenny.

In 1769, Watt of England obtained a patent with an independent practical condenser, thus completing the invention of the Steam engine. This Steam engine was put into operation in 1776, and its thermal efficiency reached 2-4%.
The French Juno was made into a three wheeled steam car, which was the first car to truly drive.
From 1772 to 1794, Wallow and Vaughn of England successively invented ball bearings.

In 1774, Wilkinson from England invented the more precise barrel boring machine, which was the first true machine tool - a machining machine. It was successfully used to process the cylinder block and put the Watt steam engine into operation.

In 1785, Coulomb of France explained dry friction using the concept of mechanical engagement and first proposed the friction theory.
Britain's Cartwright invented the Power loom, which completed the transition from handicraft industry and workshop handicraft industry to machine industry.

In 1786, Siz from England invented the ear cutting machine.

In 1787, Wilkinson of England built the first iron ship.

In 1789, France first proposed the concept of "metric system". Made in 1799, the Ashiv meter ruler (archival meter ruler).

In 1790, St. Thomas of England invented the chain single stitch hand sewing machine for sewing boots and shoes, which was the world's first sewing machine.

In the 1890s, Bentham in England successively invented planing machines, single spindle woodworking milling machines, router milling machines, and woodworking drilling machines.

In 1792, Mozley of England invented the tap and die for processing threads.

In 1794, Wilkinson in England built a cupola.

In 1795, Brammer of England invented the hydraulic press.

In 1797, Mozley of England invented a lathe with a lead screw, smooth screw, feed tool holder, and guide rail, which could turn threads of different pitches.

In 1799, French Monge published Descriptive geometry, making Descriptive geometry the projection theoretical basis of mechanical drawing.

Development History from 1800 to 1900 AD

In the early 19th century, Young from England proposed the concept of elastic modulus, revealing the relationship between strain and stress.

In 1803, Tang Jin from England made a long web paper machine.
The first Steam locomotive using rails was made in Trivik, England.

In 1804, Biot of France proposed the law of heat conduction, which was first applied by Fourier of France, hence the name Fourier's law.

In 1807, Brunnel of England invented the woodworking circular saw machine.

In 1807, Fulton, England, built the first Steam engine ship "Clermont" propelled by a bright ship.

In 1809, Dickinson from England made a circular wire paper machine.

In 1812, Konich of Germany invented the circular flat convex printing machine.

In 1814, Stephenson of England made the "leather boot" of railway Steam locomotive. In 1829, Stephenson and his son's "Rocket" Steam locomotive won the prize in the locomotive race with a speed of 58 km/h and a load of 3137 tons and a safe operation of 112.6 km.

In 1816, Stirling from Scotland invented the heat engine.

In 1817, Roberts from England invented the gantry planer.

In 1818, Whitney in the United States created a horizontal milling machine.

Dreis of Germany invented a wooden two wheeled bicycle with handlebars and pedals.

Around 1820, White from England made the first machine tool that could process both cylindrical and bevel gears.

In 1822, Nepos, France, conducted a photographic plate making experiment and produced the world's first photo. In 1826, he took another photo using a dark box.

From 1827 to 1845, Navier of France and Stokes of England established the Equations of motion Navier Stokes equation for viscous incompressible fluid.

In 1830, fire tube boilers appeared in France.

From 1833 to 1836, Otis in the United States designed and manufactured single bucket excavation machinery.

In 1834, Page and Fay of the United States invented the tenoning machine and the tenoning machine, respectively.

From 1834 to 1844, Perkins and Gorry in the United States made refrigerators using ether as the working fluid and air as the working fluid, respectively.

1834 German Jacobi invented DC engine

In 1835, Whitworth in England invented the gear hobbing machine.

In 1836, McCormick of the United States created the Mara Combine harvester (Conbain).

In 1837, Jacobi of Russia invented the electroforming method.

In 1838, Jacobi of Russia used batteries to power DC motors to drive speedboats, marking the first use of electric transmission devices.

Bruce in the United States used pressure casting to produce lead for the first time.

In 1839, Daguerre in France made the first practical silver plate camera, which could take clear photos.

Ponton of Scotland elaborated on modern photographic plate making methods in his report.

Smith of England built the propeller driven Steam engine ship Archimedes.

Babbitt invented tin based bearing alloy (Babbitt alloy) in the United States.

From 1840 to 1850, the British Joule discovered the electric heat equivalent and measured the Mechanical equivalent of heat in various ways. His experimental results led the scientific community to abandon the "Caloric theory" and recognize the First law of thermodynamics.

In 1841, Whitworth in England designed an English standard thread system.
Timonier from France designs and manufactures practical double chain stitch sewing machines.

In 1842, Nesmith of England invented the steam hammer.

In 1848, Ding Gongchen of China wrote the Compendium of Illustrations of Artillery Exercises, in which the descriptions of Western steamers and steamships were the first treatise on Steam engine, trains and steamships in China.

In 1845, Fitch of the United States invented the turret lathe (hexagonal lathe).
Thomson from the UK has obtained a patent for pneumatic tires. After 1888, it was used for bicycle and car tires by Dunlop in the UK and Michelin Rubber in France, respectively.
The British company, Kobe, established a Kobe shipyard in Huangpu, Guangzhou, which is the earliest foreign-funded machinery factory in China.

From 1846 to 1851, Hao in the United States obtained a patent for a curved lock stitch sewing machine; Shengjia in the United States designed and manufactured this type of sewing machine, which was then mass-produced.

In 1847, the British Society of Engineers, the world's earliest academic organization in mechanical engineering, was established.
Bourdon tube pressure gauges are made from Bourdon in France.
Hoy of the United States invented the rotary printing press.

In 1848, Kelvin (that is, Thomson) of England established the thermodynamic temperature scale.
Palmer of France invented the outside micrometer.
Germany invented the universal rolling mill.

In 1849, Francis of the United States invented the Francis turbine.

From 1850 to 1851, Clausius of Germany and Kelvin of England proposed the Second law of thermodynamics of thermodynamics respectively.

From 1850 to 1880, Britain invented various gas protected non oxidation heating methods.

In 1856, the German Association of Engineers was established.
British Bessemer invented converter steelmaking.

From 1856 to 1864, Siemens in the UK and Martin in France invented open hearth steelmaking.

In 1857, Bessemer in England invented the continuous casting method.

In 1858, Blake of the United States invented the jaw crusher.

In 1860, Lenois in France made the first practical gas engine (also the first internal combustion engine).
Germany's Kirchhoff established Kirchhoff's law by simulating absolute blackbody in artificial space.

In 1861, China's Zeng Guofan founded Anqing Ordnance Institute, the first machinery factory run by the Chinese.

In 1862 and 1865, China's first Steam engine and the first wooden Steam engine ship "Huangque" were built successively.

In 1862, Gerald of Germany invented hydrostatic bearings.

In 1863, Soby in England observed the metallographic structure of steel under a microscope and exhibited metallographic micrographs of steel in 1864.

In 1864, Josel in France was the first to study the influence of tool geometry parameters on cutting forces.

In 1865, China's Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang and others established the Jiangnan General Manufacturing Bureau, which was the beginning of China's modern machinery industry (renamed Jiangnan Shipyard in 1953).

In 1867, Waller of Germany exhibited the fatigue test results of the axle at the Paris Expo, put forward the concept of Fatigue limit, and laid the foundation for fatigue strength design.

In 1868, Hillus of the United States invented the typewriter.
Mushet in England is made of alloy Tool steel containing tungsten.

From 1868 to 1887, belt conveyors and screw conveyors emerged successively in the United Kingdom and the United States.

In 1870, Russia's Jimei was the first to explain the process of chip formation.

From 1872 to 1874, Bell and Lind from Germany respectively made ammonia vapor compression refrigerators.
In 1873, Spencer in the United States made a single spindle automatic lathe, and soon afterwards, a multi spindle automatic lathe.

In 1874, Raleigh of England discovered the phenomenon of Moire stripes.
Lawson in England made a modern bicycle with chain drive and Rear-wheel drive.

In 1875, Lelow of Germany established the concepts of component, Kinematic pair, Kinematic chain and kinematic sketch of mechanism, which laid the foundation of mechanism.

In 1876, Otto from Germany created a reciprocating plug, single cylinder, and four stroke internal combustion engine.
The universal cylindrical grinder made in the United States has for the first time possessed the basic characteristics of modern grinding machines.

In 1877, Kaitai in France and Pictet in Switzerland first obtained atomized liquid oxygen. In 1892, the Dewar in England was made into a liquefied gas container.

From 1878 to 1884, Austria's Stefan and Boltzmann established the Stefan Boltzmann law for radiation heat transfer.

In 1879, the Electric locomotive manufactured by Siemens in Germany was successfully tested.
The world's first steel ship was born.
Sweden's Laval invented the centrifugal separator.

In 1880, the American Society of Engineers was established.

In 1881, battery electric vehicles emerged in France.
China Xugezhuang Repair Shop produced China's first Steam locomotive, "China Rocket".
In 1882, Laval from Sweden made the first single stage impulse turbine.

In 1883, Daimler in Germany produced the first vertical gasoline engine and obtained a patent in 1885.
Reynolds in England found two flow states of fluid - laminar flow and turbulence, and established the basic equation of turbulence - Reynolds equation.

In 1884, Parsons in England produced a multi-stage reaction turbine.

In 1885, Germany's Benz created a three wheel gasoline engine car and obtained the world's first automotive patent in 1886.
Daimler in Germany created gasoline powered motorcycles.

From 1885 to 1887, Bernardos of Russia and Thompson of the United States respectively invented Arc welding and Electric resistance welding.

In 1886, Daimler in Germany created a four wheel gasoline engine car.
Herschel in the United States used a Venturi tube to make a device for measuring water flow, which was the earliest flow measurement instrument.
Renault in the UK established the theory of hydrodynamic lubrication.

In 1888, Osmund of Germany proposed the theory of metallographic transformation of steel, iron, and pig iron, which was later developed by Austin of England to create an iron carbon phase diagram.

In 1888, Yugoslav American Tesla invented the AC motor.

In 1889, the first International Conference on Metrology officially defined "meter" as the distance between the two intermediate lines of a platinum iridium meter scale kept at the International Bureau of Metrology at zero degrees Celsius.
Pelton of the United States invented the bucket turbine.

In 1890, Ames in the United States made dial indicators and dial indicators.

In 1891, Acheson in the United States made the earliest artificial abrasive - silicon carbide.

In 1892, Froxlich of the United States created agricultural tractors.

In 1895, Roentgen from Germany discovered X-rays.

In 1896, Johansson of Sweden invented a complete set of measuring blocks.

In 1897, Deutscher from Germany created a diesel engine.
Philos in the United States created gear shaping machines.
Parsons in the UK built the first steam turbine ship, the "Turpania".
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers of Japan was established.

In 1898, Lapante in the United States created a horizontal inner pull bed.
Taylor and White in the United States invented high-speed steel.

In 1899, Eru from France invented the electric arc furnace steelmaking method.

Development History from 1900 to the Present

In the early 20th century, Curtis in the United States created speed stage steam turbines.
For the first time, Cocker from the UK and Messnerge from France conducted experimental stress analysis on wheels, gears, bearings, etc.

In 1901, France invented gas welding.

In 1903, the Wright brothers of the United States made the world's first real aircraft and successfully flew it.
Ford established the Ford Motor Company in the United States and began mass production of cars. In 1908, the T-shaped car developed by Ford was launched on the market.
The first diesel powered ship "Wandar" was launched.

In 1904, German Prandt established the Boundary layer theory.
Rubel of the United States invented the offset printing press.

In 1906, Le Maire and Armango in France made the first gas turbine capable of outputting power (but with an efficiency of only 3-4%, it was not practical).

From 1906 to 1914, Beech in Switzerland produced composite engines.

In 1906, Nernst of Germany discovered the "heat theorem", and in 1912, it was modified into the Third law of thermodynamics by Planck and Simon of Germany.

In 1907, Taylor from the United States studied the effect of cutting speed on tool life and proposed the famous Taylor formula.

In 1908, China's first internal combustion engine (single cylinder horizontal 8-horsepower diesel engine) was produced by the Junhe An Machinery Factory in Guangzhou.

In 1911, Taylor of the United States published the book "Principles of Scientific Management", which first proposed the concept of "scientific management".
Carmen, an American Hungarian, explained Kármán vortex street from the viewpoint of aerodynamics.
Greenery Company in the United States created modular machine tools.
Artificial synthetic rubber in Duisburg, Germany.

In 1912, Brittley in the UK and Strauss in Germany respectively made chromium stainless steel and chromium nickel stainless steel.
China's Zhan Tianyou initiated the establishment of the Chinese Engineering Society, which later became the Chinese Engineering Society.

In 1913, Sweden made the first Diesel locomotive with electric transmission.
Ford Motor Company established the earliest automotive assembly line in the United States.

In 1915, China's first clock factory, Zhongbao Clock Factory, was established in Yantai.
Shanghai Rongchangtai Machine Factory produced China's first machine tool (4-foot pedal lathe).

In 1919, the earliest sewing machine factories in China - Xiechang and Runchang Sewing Machine Company - were established in Shanghai.

In 1920, Holtzwatt in Germany produced the first practical gas turbine (operating on an equal volume heating cycle).
Kaplan from Austria invented the axial flow paddle water turbine.
The term 'Robot' was first used by Czechoslovakia's Chapek in his science fiction drama 'The Versatile Robot of Rosum'.
Griffith in England carried out Fracture mechanics analysis.

In 1923, Schlester of Germany invented hard alloy.

From 1923 to 1927, Kostel in Germany designed and manufactured the Coriolis interferometer.

In 1926, the United States built its first automatic production line (processing automotive chassis).

In 1927, Wood and Lumis in the United States conducted ultrasonic machining experiments. In 1951, Cohen from the United States made the first ultrasonic machining machine.

In 1934, Knorr Bremse and Ruska of Germany made a Transmission electron microscopy.

In 1934, the Hangzhou Central Aircraft Manufacturing Factory, a joint venture between China and the United States, was established. Formerly manufactured all metal bombers.

From 1935 to 1936, Liu Xianzhou and others from China initiated the establishment of the Chinese Society of Mechanical Engineering.

In 1938, Carlson of the United States pioneered electrostatic copying technology.
German Degussa Company invented ceramic cutting tools.

From 1938 to 1940, Ernst and Machantel of the United States used High-speed camera to photograph the chip formation process and explained the chip formation mechanism.

In 1939, the gas turbine for power generation was made in Switzerland (working according to the isobaric heating cycle).

In 1941, Switzerland made the first gas turbine locomotive.

In 1942, Fermi and others in the United States built the first controllable chain Nuclear fission atomic reactor.

In 1943, the Lazarenko couple of the Soviet Union invented Electrical discharge machining.

In the 1940s, the Soviet Union invented anode mechanical cutting.

In 1947, the first gas turbine ship, the Gatwick, was launched.
Moro and Williams from England produced ductile iron.

In the 1940s, Taylor son from England designed a polyhedral prism.

In 1950, Stegwart of the Federal Republic of Germany invented electron beam processing.

In 1952, Parsons Corporation of the United States produced the first digitally controlled machine tool.
Electronic watches made by Lipp Company in the United States.

In 1954, the United States built its first nuclear powered ship, the Nautilus nuclear submarine.

In 1955, the American studies successfully studied the plasma arc machining (cutting) method.

In 1956, China's First Automobile Manufacturing Factory (Changchun) was completed and put into operation.
China has established a research institute for machine tools.
China established the Institute of Tool Science and was reorganized as the Institute of Tool Science in 1957.

In 1957, Wankel from Federal Germany developed a rotary piston engine.

In 1958, Carney Trek Company in the United States developed the first machining center.
Industrial robots developed in the United States.
The invention of full mold casting by Shuroyer in the United States.
The World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO) was established.
Towns and Shaw from the United States published papers on the formation of lasers. In 1960, Mayman in the United States developed the Ruby laser.
The largest bearing factory in China - Luoyang Bearing Factory has been completed and put into operation.
The largest watch factory in China - Shanghai Watch Factory - has been completed and put into operation.

In 1959, China's First Tractor Factory (Luoyang) was completed and put into operation.
Mather from the United States has obtained a patent for harmonic transmission.

In the 1950s, the United States invented the electrolytic grinding method.
The Soviet Union and the United States applied electrochemical machining methods in production.
The liquid jet processing method has started to be applied in production.
The United States uses finite element method for stress analysis.

In 1960, the 11th International Conference on Metrology defined "meter" for the second time as: when a Kr atom transitions between the 2P10 and 5d5 energy levels, its radiation wavelength in vacuum is 1650763.73 times.
The largest heavy machinery factory in China - the First Heavy Machinery Factory (Qiqihar) has been completed and put into operation.

In 1962, American Ben Diex Company realized the best adaptive control (ACO) on the CNC milling machine for the first time.

In 1964, Grover of the United States invented the heat pipe.

In 1967, Fox of the United States first proposed the concept of institutional optimization.
Morris UK has developed System 24 based on the basic concept of flexible manufacturing systems proposed by Williamson.

In 1969, China's Second Automobile Manufacturing Plant (Hubei) began large-scale construction. In 1975, a 2.5-ton off-road vehicle production base was built.

In 1972, General Electric Company of the United States produced polycrystalline artificial diamond and polycrystalline cubic nitride peng blades.

In 1976, Japan's FANUC Corporation exhibited for the first time a flexible manufacturing cell consisting of four machining centers and one industrial robot.

In 1979, Xu Nanpu and others from the United States pointed out that the friction coefficient is equal to the sum of mechanical meshing friction coefficient, adhesive friction coefficient, and plowing friction coefficient.